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It is important to ensure that 9V battery is used as its DC source. If one uses the mains supply to step down the voltage using a transformer for rectification and filtering to get the 9V DC supply, ensure that the transformer is designed in such a way that it follows the safety standard requirement of UL. This is important to ensure the safety of the user that is using the metal contacts to ON/OFF the LED. [Schematic diagram source: Electronics Project Design].